Requirements for high performance aircraft mandate the development of high temperature composite materials. although graphite composites have many attractive mechanical and thermal properties, these properties degrade substantially with oxidation. a novel graphite fiber has been developed which has… More

Requirements for railgun armatures dictate materials properties valueswhich are difficult to obtain from conventional materials. the need exists for a material which has low density, high melting point, high thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high electrical conductivity,… More

The economics of launch cost, coupled with power requirements for space based weapons systems, mandate optimization of the ratio of power to mass in space power systems. a low density, high temperature, radiation-compatible material with high thermal conductivity used for construction of thermal… More

Current applications for re-entry vehicles and high temperature air breathing propulsion systems, and designs for advanced aircraft and spacecraft such as the national aerospace plane have simulated interest in a class of materials which can operate in an oxygen atmosphere at temperatures ranging… More

Crystalline diamond has outstanding potential for use as a high temperature radiation tolerant electronic material. recently a japanese group was able to grow large area n-type as well as p-type diamond crystals by doping during vapor phase growth. the purpose of the proposed research is to grow… More

A need exists for composite reinforcements which have enhanced and compressive strength, while retaining good tensile strength and modulus. this effort explores a method of fiber coating which allows varying of the reinforcing fiber diameter. the result is expected to produce a composite with the… More

First wall protection materials for a fusion reactor must be able to withstand the very hostile thermal and nuclear environment of the plasma chamber. materials must have high thermal conductivity, high radiation resistance, and excellent thermal shock resistance, among other physical… More

Although molybdenum disilicide (mosi2) exhibits high-temperature chemical stability and has a melting point of 2010 degrees centigrade, the lack of room-temperature fracture toughness and poor high-temperature creep resistance have severely limited its structural applications. therefore, it is… More

High current and efficiency result from using graphite or diamond cathode materials, according to research performed at applied sciences, inc. why? nobody knows! elliot kennel of asi says that the results may be due to rydberg excited states cesium atoms produced in the plasma space between… More

Diamond fiber, when a highly-graphitic core fiber of 1 to 5 microns has a diamond coating of 2 to 10 microns, is a hybrid fiber with predominately diamond properties. this enables tailoring of fiber coefficients of themal conductivity (cte) to allow matching to the cte of devices mounted on a… More

Much of the cost of advanced composites is due to fiber handling and consolidation. these "fiber placement" costs rise as the shape of the component becomes more complex and as the number of reinforced directions increases. this project will investigate a new method for producing three-dimensional,… More

This Phase I SBIR will investigate the feasibility of producing reliabMICONDUCTOR, MICROWAVE AND MICROELECTRONIC DEVICES ARE DRIVING THERMALle High-Resolution Satellite Cloud Climatologies (HRSCC's) from meteor PROPERTY REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRONIC PACKAGING MATERIALS AND DESIGNS.ological satellite… More

If you can't beat them, join them. Such is the philosophy of Space Exploration Associates, who hired the top talent in Russian and the new Republic of Georgia to develop advanced thermionic converters for SDIO. Unlike other highly publicized exchanged with the Russians, this work will be done in the… More

A thermionic fuel element (tfe) based on advanced uranium carbide (uc) solid solution fuel with rhenium emitter cladding should allow much better performance than present designs. the fuel form would be a long, thin, hollow "vermicelli" shape to allow very compact reactors to be designed, despite… More

Composite materials are attractive for use in aircraft and spacecraft owing to properties of high specific strength. a problem confronting the application of composite materials for rotorcraft is that unimproved landing areas, as well as low altitude missions, result in severe abrasion of the… More

A cold cathode capable of delivering several hundred amps per square centimeter (under ambient conditions without the introduction of cesium vapor) would be valuable for a number of applications in high power high frequency electronics. one of the most highly sought applications is that of cathode… More

Everybody knows that composites have high strength, low density, and great thermal properties. They would be great for a number of applications such as fins for spacecraft radiators. So why aren't they used more on spacecraft thermal systems? One reason is joining technology. Although many methods… More

Composite materials have been developed that potentially yield a thermal conductivity of up to 1000 w/m-k in uniaxial orientation. this yield is sufficiently high to allow multidimensional designs that meet off-axis thermal and mechanical property criteria and match the coefficient of thermal… More

An innovative integral dielectric heat sink material, diamond/carbon/carbon composite, is proposed in this phase i research for the use in future advanced electronic devices. carbone/carbone composite has a higher thermal conductivity and lower density, and therefore a higher specific thermal… More

IT IS PROPOSED THAT ADVANCED ARCJET ENGINES CAN BE DEVELOPED USING KNOWN PRINCIPLES FOR ADVANCED NOZZLE DESIGN, ARC ATTACHMENT, INCREASED CHAMBER EFFECTIVE TEMPERATURE AND SO FORTH. SUCH STUDIES ARE PARTIALLY SUPPORTED BY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS BY RESEARCHERS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. YET THESE… More

Bimodal reactors for power and propulsion have long been of interest for missions requirings both high power and large delta-v; e.g., high altitude, geosynchronous and planetary missions. it propulsive thrust and electric power can both be supplied from the same unit, a large potential savings can… More

Very compact cathode ray tubes could be fabricated if high voltages presently required for normal operation could be reduced by a factor of ten. This requires a very effective cold cathode. A cold cathode capable of delivering several hundred amps per square centimeter (under ambient conditions… More

It is well-established that poor thermal management is a limiting factor in reliability and lifetime of electronic components in advanced electronic substrates or heat sinks. fundamental processes for producing a novel diamond fiber with enhanced physical properties are being studied. the fibers are… More

In phase i an in-sit method is presented for electrically heating emitters of multi-cell in-core thermionic fuel elements (tfes). nuclear heating is not required. this is accomplished by supplying pulses of electric current to momentarily bias the collectors in the tfe wi a several-volt negative… More

Beryllium (be) is a candidate material for diverters in nuclear fusion reactors. however, the use of be is limited by its moderate thermal conductivity (218 w/m-k) and brittleness, both of which result in a low thermal shock resistance. the moderate thermal conductivity and poor mechanical strength… More

Due to the lack of techniques for buried metallization in PD or multilayer metallized PD, diamond has not been used as a material for electronic packaging. The primary obstacle in buried metallization in PD or producing multilayer metallized PD is the difficulty in generating good bonding between PD… More

Beryllium is a candidate material for applications requiring low density, strength, and/or thermal performance, such as space structures, heat shields, radiators, and electronics. however, the use of beryllium is limited by its moderate thermal conductivity and brittleness, both of which result in… More

In order to produce shelters that more effectively shield military communications and electronic equipment from electromagnetic radiation, improvements must be made in manufacturing technology for graphite fiber composite materials. Of particular importance is the development of composite… More

Phase I proposes to demonstrate an easy-to-operate, inexpensive room temperature neutron detector based on boron-doped diamond. The detector would produce an immediate signal related to low-level neutron irradiation. The concept exploits the high neutron absorption cross section of B-10, which… More

A new thermal protection concept is described and an investigation to determine its feasibility and quantify its performance is proposed. The concept involves placing an array of small cavities in the nose region of a typical hypersonic interceptor (projectile, missile, or submunition). The… More

Unexpected coupling between nuclear reaction cross sections and the solid state of metal deuterides has been demonstrated in layered Pd-PdO deuterided structures. As a result, high rates of charged particle and neutron measurements have been observed through a reaction initiated by altering the… More

New materials such as continuous fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites exceptional performance, but often at the expense of incompatibility with conventional joining techniques. Spacecraft structures require high stiffness for stable structures and launch vibration resistance, as well as low… More

The development of a microwave curing method for resin matrix composites and jointing/bonding epoxy is proposed. This technique will take advantage of the ability of vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) to absorb microwave energy with high efficiency. By adding VGCF to resin matrix composite material and… More

Ships made from non-metallic materials may be lightweight and demonstrate low signatures, but require special lightning protection. This can be afforded using nanocomposites manufactured from carbon naofibers and durable materials such as Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM). This offers… More

Inexpensive solar cell contacts can be made using silicone or epoxy materials with carbon nanostructure additives to improve electrical conductivity at high temperature. This overcomes the problems associated with metal-additive silicones and epoxies, which tend to lose their electrical conductivity… More

A very lightweight, low-outgasing coating is proposed for obscuration of radar and other electromagnetic signatures. The result is a low-cost method which can greatly reduce observable signatures of space based assets.

Fossil Fuel Derivatives With Reduced Carbon DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER86072 Amount: $99,845 Small Business Applied Sciences, Inc. 141 West Xenia Avenue P.O. Box 579 Cedarville, OH 45314-9529 Mr. Elliot B. Kennel, Principal Investigator Mr. Max L. Lake, Business Official (937) 766-2020 Research… More

Low cost, high performance carbon fiber anodes to enable a new generation of high-power lithium-ion batteries is proposed. A vapor grown carbon fiber, called Pyrograf-IIITM carbon fiber, with size and morphology which can be varied over a wide range will be optimized for anode utilization. The… More

Not Available The development of high brightness LEDs based on the (AlInGa)N materials systems has led to the possibility of revolutionary new approaches to lighting and display fabrication. For the first time, this material system permits the fabrication of efficient UV solid state sources that… More

As the sophistication of the modern electronics grows, there is an interest in developing wide band gap semiconductor and molecular electronics. In the past a few years, many studies were conducted to research the feasibility of using Single-Walled and Multi-Walled Nanotubes as molecular electronic… More

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project will create nanofiber reinforced thermoplastics as an economical composite for use in structural components. Carbon nanofibers have superior and highly touted intrinsic mechanical properties to contribute to reinforcement of composites.… More

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project seeks make high performance vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) into a commercially viable product by using improved catalysis to increase the growth yield by an order of magnitude. This material has been used to create composites with… More

"During this project, Applied Sciences, Inc. (ASI), and its strategic allies, seek to exploit the unique combination of electrical and dimensional properties found in carbon nanofibers to minimize both differential and absolute charging of satellites, andthe dangers presented by such charging. … More

"During this project, Applied Sciences, Inc. (ASI), and its strategic allies, seek to exploit the unique combination of electrical and dimensional properties found in carbon nanofibers to minimize both differential and absolute charging of satellites, andthe dangers presented by such charging. … More

"Carbon nanofiber reinforced polymer composites are anticipated to offer a suite of physical property advantages similar to conventional carbon fiber composites reinforced with PAN- or pitch-based carbon fiber. Early results show high promise for use ofcarbon nanofibers to enhance the physical… More

"Conductive carbon nanocomposites can be created for multiple functions. In addition to structural applications, these materials can have secondary functions which may include lightning strike mitigation; EMI suppression; radar absorption and possiblyothers. In general the interaction of… More

This Phase II SBIR program seeks to create nanofiber reinforced polymer composites with superior properties for use in aircraft applications. Property targets include electrical conductivity of 25 S/cm and thermal conductivity of 50 W/m-K, withoutdegradation in mechanical properties. Materials to… More

Under this Phase I SBIR program, Applied Sciences, Inc., will exploit the unique properties of its low-cost carbon nanofibers to create and test coating materials to shield against electromagnetic interference (EMI). The coatings will be comprised ofversions ASI's low-cost carbon nanofiber,… More

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project will leverage recently-published research which indicates that new types of anode nanocarbons can produce high reversible lithium (Li) storage capacity and stable cycle capability. The work will use hollow carbon nanofibers to produce… More

78513 The electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a key technology for removing pollution from the flue gases generated by coal fired power plants. However, in these systems, the metal collection surfaces are extremely heavy, have high costs of installation, and are easily corroded. Polymer fabric… More

Object identification, quantification and localization are key goals in both military target detection and quantitative medical imaging. As in medical imaging, military images are often difficult to interpret due to noise, spatial resolution limits, changing background conditions and uncertainty… More

Infrared (IR) countermeasures to protect combatant aircraft now use pyrophoric metal foils to generate a decoy IR signature. These foils have a number of drawbacks, such as a limited and known signature that will eventually be defeated and a supply that comes from a non-competitive sole source. … More

Improvements in radiation shielding materials are needed to support NASA's human and robotic exploration programs. Shielding for both electromagnetic radiation (gamma and x-rays) and particles (protons and neutrons) are critical. Ideally, the shielding should be part of a multifunctional,… More

Carbon nanotube-reinforced ceramics are a promising class of materials that are plagued by extreme processing conditions which compromise the nanotubes, thereby inhibiting their ability to positively impact the ceramic composite. Applied Sciences, Inc. (ASI) proposes an innovative solution to this… More

DACS thrust chambers for the THAAD kill vehicle are currently made out of niobium, which is heavy, difficult to machine, and expensive to produce. Previously, a lightweight ceramic composite was used, but this material was brittle and even more expensive than the metal solution. In this program,… More

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase II project will develop Li-ion battery anodes that exploit the unique morphology of low cost carbon nanofibers (CNF). Primary efforts will focus on reduction of irreversible capacity, through a variety of nanofiber surface modification techniques,… More

About half of the nation¿s 1,000 coal-burning power plants are more than 25 years old and need to be rebuilt. The cost of rebuilding an electrostatic precipitator, an important air pollution control system in these facilities, ranges between $2 million to $10 million. This project will demonstrate… More

The goal of NASA's Quiet Aircraft Technology project is to reduce perceived aircraft noise by half in 10 years and by 75 percent in 25 years, using 1997 levels as the baseline. These reductions are necessary to meet the expected demand for air travel and increasingly stringent noise standards around… More

This Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project will demonstrate the ability to produce an innovative thermal management solution for electronics components and electronics packaging. The dual trends of electronics miniaturization and increased power consumption have caused many… More

Polymer composites are widely used for automotive body panels to save weight, increase fuel efficiency, and eliminate corrosion. However, unlike metals, structural polymers are not electrically conductive; thus, they are not amenable to the industry standard technique of electrostatic spray… More

The current state-of-the-art for providing electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is to use a polymer coating that has been loaded with up to 87% silver or another metal filler. This approach is both expensive and heavy. Under this Phase I SBIR program, Applied Sciences, Inc., will… More

Future hypersonic vehicles are being designed to travel at speeds approaching Mach 25. At these speeds, the temperature at the exterior surface is expected to exceed 3000 degrees F. Advanced materials are needed to thermally protect the munitions in the interior of the vehicle as current materials… More

Applied Sciences, Inc. (ASI) investigated the use on inexpensive carbon nanofiber (CNF) to impart electrical conductivity to polymer systems to allow the use of electrostatic painting (ESP) techniques to paint these polymers in the same manner as metals without the need for a solvent- based primer… More

Advanced rechargeable battery technology providing higher energy densities and higher specific energies is being sought by the OSD to extend the range and capability of small electronic systems. In this proposal, an anode material is proposed based on carbon nanofiber alloyed with silicon. While… More

Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are a key pollution control device in air pollution control devices for small oil and coal-fired industrial boilers. ESPs can operate with an efficiency of 98 to 99% for the removal of mercury and fly ash from the flue gas stream. With an electrostatic… More

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). This Small Business Technology Transfer Research Phase I project seeks to develop advanced heat transfer fluids using nano-structured carbons. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with a thermal conductivity of… More

This Phase I effort will demonstrate the production of large area carbon nanopaper prepreg mats with very high electrical conductivity and EMI shielding capabilities. Currently, metal structures, metallic fillers, and metallic coating are used to provide ESD and EMI shielding, but issues such as… More

Equipment and ordnance in the Defense arsenal have become increasingly more sophisticated, ranging from complex electronic systems for surveillance, hybrid vehicles, portable soldier systems, unmanned aerospace and underwater vehicles, to directed energy weapons systems with high pulse power demand.… More

The Office of Secretary of Defense is seeking advanced materials for electrochemical energy storage devices having a five to ten times improvement in performance over current Li-ion batteries. A candidate material having a theoretical advantage over current graphite anode technology is silicon,… More

With the increasing volatility of petroleum and natural gas resources, small coal-fired boilers have become increasingly more attractive for steam and power generation in several industries. This switch to small-scale, coal-fired plants is expected to continue, and increases the need for clean coal… More

Many defense systems such as silent watch, soldier power, unmanned vehicles, communications equipment, and directed energy weapons require portable power which limits the duration and capability of missions relying upon these systems. The DoD is therefore seeking energy storage devices with higher… More

Lithium ion battery technology provides the highest energy density of all rechargeable battery technologies available today. However, the majority of the research into this technology is focused on developing lower cost materials for the consumer electronics market, and not on high reliability or… More

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project seeks to develop self-healing composites using carbon nanofibers in conjunction with encapsulated resin/hardener. Polymer matrix composites offering multiple advantages of lightweight, high strength and stiffness, vibration damping, and… More

The proliferation of complex electronic devices for use in warfare ranging across handheld electronics, sensors, hybrid vehicles, unmanned aircraft systems, and directed energy systems are increasing the demand for battery power needed for mission operations. The dramatic evolution in the inventory… More

This SBIR Phase I project will focus on development of conductive polymer films using graphitic nanomaterials. In the proposed effort, ASI will fabricate a new generation of conductive polymer films having targeted and uniform resistivity. The proposed approach is to disperse graphitic nanomaterials… More

Equipment and ordnance in the Defense arsenal, ranging from complex electronic systems for silent watch, sensors, hybrid vehicles, portable soldier systems, and unmanned vehicles, are becoming increasingly reliant on battery power for mission operations. In the Phase I research, Applied Sciences,… More

ABSTRACT: Military aerospace assets must be able to survive electromagnetic pulse events including lightning strike, flash x-rays, nuclear electromagnetic pulse (EMP) as well as system-generated electromagnetic pulse (SGEMP) events. Since most systems cannot afford parasitic weight gains, it is… More

In the Phase I effort, Applied Sciences, Inc. demonstrated the ability to use high-quality graphitic nanomaterials and scalable processing methods to produce highly uniform, durable, flexible, and isotropic conductive thin films which exhibit higher levels of electrical resistivity uniformity at… More