Synthesis and Characterization of Polymeric Antioxidant microparticles for the pr

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Influenza A viruses are a major global health concern. Despite annual vaccination programs in the US, 10-15% of the population is infected annually accounting for an estimated 36,000 deaths and 200,000 hospitalizations.Two classes of antiviral drugs have been approved for influenza prophylaxis and treatment. Alarmingly, the past decade has witnessed the emergence of drug-resistant as well as novel 2009 pandemic (H1N1) and highly pathogenic (H5N1) strains of influenza A.Amantadine-resistance has become so widespread the adamantanes have become all but ineffective. Significant resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors has also been observed in some influenza A strains. Thus, there is an urgent need for new and more effectiveantiviral therapies. Optimally, as adopted for the treatment of other viral diseases, combination drug therapies would be used to provide the most effective prophylaxis and treatment and to inhibit the emergence of drug-resistance. Here we propose to optimize potency and cytotoxicity properties of identified novel hit series compounds that overcome current drug-resistance mechanisms to inhibit both amantadine-sensitive and -resistant forms of the M2 proton channel. Optimization of these chemical series could provide novel broad-spectrum therapeutics for new mono- and combination antiviral drug therapies for influenza A; a designated NIAID high priority area of interest. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Over the past decade, the emergence of drug-resistant and/or highly pathogenic variants of influenza A has substantially increased the potential impact of both seasonal and pandemic influenza infection. This proposal details a novel approach to provide much-needed novel inhibitors and potential therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of influenza A infection.