All high performance TERFENOL-D sonar devices require the drivers to be laminated for eddy current control. The process of laminating TERFENOL-D to present interlamina resistivity requirements results in low yields due to considerable material loss and is, therefore, a wasteful process. The… More

For current aircraft, hydraulic power is the preferred method of gaining mechanical advantage. Due to its distributed nature and system redundancy requirements, the power comes with the penalty of high weight, cost, and maintenance. ETREMA proposes to develop a magnetostrictive TERFENOL-D driven… More

The effort proposed will validate the methods needed to achieve an enhanced crystalline structure in TERFENOL-D drivers. These new materials are expected to show substantially increased magnetostrictive performance (20-40% increase in strain, 10-20%reduction in hysteresis) as compared to baseline,… More

"Giant magnetostrictive materials, specifically the alloys of TERFENOL-D possess a high energy density that enables compact, high power, broad-band sources and similar, high authority actuators for use in several different military and commercialapplications. Current manufacturing techniques,… More

"Metallic sheathed magnetostrictive wires (MSMW) will be developed for use in fiber reinforced composite structures. These magnetostrictive wires will be based on rare earth intermetallics such as the "giant" magnetostrictive material TERFENOL-D. Thesmart material characteristics of the… More

There are several key components to making efficient high performance TERFENOL-D actuators and sonar projectors. TERFENOL-D being a magnetically driven material requires magnetic materials and circuit design considerations.One of the principle considerations in a TERFENOL-D actuator is the… More

There are several key components to making efficient high performance TERFENOL-D actuators and sonar projectors. TERFENOL-D being a magnetically driven material requires magnetic materials and circuit design considerations.One of the principle considerations in a TERFENOL-D actuator is the… More

The proposed effort will actively reduce noise from flight operations at watchstander stations below the flight deck to levels that do not require hearing protection. Long-term hearing loss of personnel is projected to cost the Navy on the order of $12.6 billion over a 30 year retirement period. … More

The proposed development will result in a compact, efficient, broadband transducer module including amplifier and wet-end transducer. To facilitate multiple mission requirements, the transducer performance goals are a broad bandwidth (7-30 kHz), compact size on the order of 1/2 wavelength at the… More

Current ASW missions require low frequency off-board sound sources that can operate monostatically or bistatically. Since these sources may or may not be recoverable, and may require a substantial number to cover the designated operating areas, the low frequency source transducers also need to be… More

The size of conventional split ring transducers is much smaller than a wavelength at operating frequency leading to a high Q resonance and limited operating bandwidth. The proposed work will investigate two different modifications to the split ring structure that allow its resonance frequency to be… More

Etrema Products, Inc. and Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University demonstrated during Phase I that by utilizing the "delta-E" effect in magnetostrictive materials, the resonant frequency of a split ring transducer can be shifted by over 200 Hz for a low frequency transducer.… More

The Phase I effort successfully developed an integrated magnetostrictive transducer/amplifier module concept to meet these performance goals: broad bandwidth (7-30 kHz), compact size (approximately 1/2 wavelength at the center frequency), at least 30 Watts output power, and high efficiency. … More

In the Phase I effort a Galfenol-based slotted cylinder projector (SCP) device was conceived utilizing an existing PZT SCP design and analytical modeling to determine the geometry requirements necessary to achieve the performance specs: 210 dB source level, 750 Hz resonance frequency, 200 Hz… More

Energy harvesting devices utilizing magnetostrictive materials are a logical choice for harvesting the high impedance (high force, low displacement) vibrations found aboard Navy ships. Force-based devices, enabled by magnetostrictive materials, can harvest energy over an extremely large bandwidth,… More

Development of an energy harvesting system utilizing the magnetostrictive material, Galfenol, will be completed in this effort. The energy harvesting system will consist of Galfenol plates or sheets, magnetic circuit components, coupling structure, power conditioning electronics, sensor, and… More

Etrema proposes to develop a modified acoustic projector design that provides broad bandwidth, high source level, directional output, high duty cycle, and high reliability in a compact package. The design will target the same acoustic source levels as the baseline Vector Projector with higher duty… More

Etrema proposes to develop a free-flooded Galfenol split-ring transducer that will provide 50-75 Hz of bandwidth on a 200 Hz carrier wave capable of operating at depths up to 1000 m with a source level greater than 190 dB re 1uPa @ 1m. While there are no specifications on size, the desire expressed… More

Etrema is developing an acoustic projector that provides broad bandwidth, high source level, directional output, high duty cycle, and high reliability in a compact package. Specific objectives of the Phase II effort are: demonstrate performance of a prototype projector, optimize the full-scale… More